(ii) [2](any two, 1 mark each) Cutting (e.g. rose, sugarcane); layering (e.g. jasmine); grafting (e.g. mango); budding; use of tubers/bulbs/leaves (e.g. potato, Bryophyllum).
(iii) [2]
Pollination
Fertilisation
Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
Fusion of the male gamete with the female gamete (egg)
Takes place on the stigma, before fertilisation
Takes place inside the ovule/ovary, after pollination
(iv) [2] Oviparous animals lay eggs, and the young ones hatch outside the mother's body — e.g. hen, frog [1]. Viviparous animals give birth to fully formed young ones — e.g. dog, cow, human [1].
(v) [3] The nucleus of the Amoeba divides into two [1]; the cytoplasm then constricts in the middle and divides [1]; two identical daughter Amoebae are formed from one parent cell [1].
(ii) [2] (a) Thyroxine controls the rate of metabolism (growth and energy use) [1]. (b) Insulin lowers the blood sugar level by helping the body to store glucose as glycogen [1].
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(iii) [2](any two) Development of breasts; widening of hips; growth of hair under the arms and in the pubic region; start of menstruation; growth spurt.
(iv) [2] Menstruation is the periodic discharge of blood and the broken lining of the uterus through the vagina [1], occurring about once every 28 days in a woman if the egg is not fertilised [1].
(v) [3](any three) Supports rapid growth and development; supplies enough iron/calcium/protein; prevents infection and skin problems (e.g. pimples); keeps the body fit and active; prevents obesity and deficiency diseases; improves concentration.
Usually carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery)
Usually carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins)
(Any two differences.)
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(iii) [2] A reflex action is a sudden, automatic and involuntary response to a stimulus [1]. Example: pulling away the hand on touching a hot object / blinking / sneezing [1].
(iv) [2](any two, 1 mark each) Cerebrum – thinking, memory, intelligence, voluntary actions; Cerebellum – balance and posture; Medulla oblongata – controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing.
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(v) [3] A food chain is a single, straight sequence showing who eats whom [1]; a food web is a network of many interconnected food chains [1]. Example of a four-organism chain: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake [1].
(ii) [2] A communicable disease is a disease that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person [1]; example: cold / cholera / measles / tuberculosis / malaria [1].
(iii) [2](any two) Hold the burnt area under cool running water for about 10 minutes; do not burst blisters; cover loosely with a clean, sterile dressing; do not apply butter, toothpaste or ice; take the person to a doctor if the burn is severe.
(iv) [2](any two)
Manure
Fertiliser
Natural; made from decomposed plant and animal wastes