Class 10/Specimen Paper
Created by Titas Mallick
Biology Teacher • M.Sc. Botany • B.Ed. • CTET (CBSE) • CISCE Examiner
BioNotesBioNotesCreated by Titas Mallick
Biology Teacher • M.Sc. Botany • B.Ed. • CTET (CBSE) • CISCE Examiner
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ICSE Suggested Specimen Paper Based Preparation Guide
A person is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, a condition where blood sugar levels are very high. Why would you expect to find glucose in this person's urine?
On a hot day, you drink very little water. What changes would you expect in the volume and concentration of the urine you produce? Which hormone is responsible for this change?
Odd One Out: Glomerulus, Ureter, Bowman's Capsule, Loop of Henle.
Compare and Contrast: What is the key difference between the fluid in the Bowman's capsule (glomerular filtrate) and the blood plasma in the glomerulus?
Kidney Failure and Dialysis
Kidney failure, or end-stage renal disease, occurs when the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood. This leads to a buildup of toxic substances like urea and a disruption of the body's water and electrolyte balance, which can be fatal. For patients with kidney failure, a common treatment is hemodialysis. The patient's blood is passed through a machine called a dialyzer or "artificial kidney." Inside the dialyzer, the blood flows next to a special fluid called dialysate, separated by a semi-permeable membrane. Waste products from the blood diffuse into the dialysate, while essential substances are retained in the blood. This case study illustrates the life-sustaining function of the kidneys and how technology can replicate the processes of filtration and diffusion to save lives when these organs fail.
Assertion (A): Ultrafiltration occurs in the glomerulus. Reason (R): The efferent arteriole (leading out of the glomerulus) is narrower than the afferent arteriole (leading into it), creating high pressure.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (c) (A) is true but (R) is false. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Diuretic drugs are often prescribed to people with high blood pressure. These drugs work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium ions (Na+) in the renal tubules. How does inhibiting sodium reabsorption lead to a decrease in blood pressure?