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Class 9/Question Bank

The Flower

Questions on The Flower

Flower Biology - Comprehensive Question Paper

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) - 100 Questions (1 mark each)

Flowering plants belong to which division? a) Bryophyta b) Pteridophyta c) Magnoliophyta d) Thallophyta

Another name for flowering plants is: a) Gymnosperms b) Angiosperms c) Pteridophytes d) Bryophytes

The reproductive structure of flowering plants is called: a) Leaf b) Stem c) Root d) Flower

The outermost whorl of a flower is: a) Corolla b) Androecium c) Calyx d) Gynoecium

The calyx consists of: a) Petals b) Sepals c) Stamens d) Carpels

The corolla is made up of: a) Sepals b) Petals c) Stamens d) Carpels

Which whorl is inside the calyx? a) Androecium b) Gynoecium c) Corolla d) Sepals

The male reproductive organ of a flower is: a) Gynoecium b) Corolla c) Androecium d) Calyx

The androecium consists of: a) Carpels b) Petals c) Sepals d) Stamens

The female reproductive organ of a flower is: a) Androecium b) Gynoecium c) Corolla d) Calyx

The gynoecium is composed of: a) Stamens b) Petals c) Carpels d) Sepals

A bisexual flower contains: a) Only male organs b) Only female organs c) Both male and female organs d) Neither

Essential whorls are directly involved in: a) Protection b) Attraction c) Reproduction d) Support

Which are the essential whorls? a) Calyx and Corolla b) Androecium and Gynoecium c) Calyx and Androecium d) Corolla and Gynoecium

Non-essential whorls include: a) Androecium and Gynoecium b) Calyx and Corolla c) Stamens and Carpels d) Petals and Stamens

A complete flower has: a) Two whorls b) Three whorls c) Four whorls d) Five whorls

An incomplete flower lacks: a) All whorls b) One or more whorls c) Only essential whorls d) Only non-essential whorls

Inflorescence refers to: a) Single flower b) Group of flowers c) Flower parts d) Flower color

Inflorescence is arranged on: a) Leaves b) Roots c) Stem d) Petals

Placentation refers to the arrangement of: a) Petals b) Sepals c) Stamens d) Ovules

Placentation occurs within the: a) Stamen b) Petal c) Ovary d) Sepal

The main function of sepals is: a) Reproduction b) Protection c) Photosynthesis d) Support

Petals are primarily for: a) Protection b) Reproduction c) Attraction d) Support

The anther is part of: a) Gynoecium b) Androecium c) Corolla d) Calyx

The stigma is part of: a) Androecium b) Corolla c) Gynoecium d) Calyx

Pollen is produced in: a) Ovary b) Stigma c) Style d) Anther

Ovules are found in: a) Anther b) Filament c) Ovary d) Style

The colorful part of most flowers is: a) Calyx b) Corolla c) Androecium d) Gynoecium

A flower with only stamens is called: a) Bisexual b) Perfect c) Staminate d) Pistillate

A flower with only carpels is called: a) Staminate b) Pistillate c) Bisexual d) Complete

The stalk of a stamen is called: a) Style b) Filament c) Pedicel d) Receptacle

The receptive part of the carpel is: a) Ovary b) Style c) Stigma d) Ovule

The stalk connecting stigma to ovary is: a) Filament b) Style c) Pedicel d) Anther

Seeds develop from: a) Ovary b) Ovules c) Stigma d) Style

Fruits develop from: a) Ovules b) Stigma c) Ovary d) Style

Double fertilization occurs in: a) Gymnosperms b) Angiosperms c) Ferns d) Mosses

The number of whorls in a typical flower is: a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five

Actinomorphic flowers have: a) Irregular symmetry b) Radial symmetry c) No symmetry d) Bilateral symmetry

Zygomorphic flowers have: a) Radial symmetry b) Bilateral symmetry c) No symmetry d) Multiple symmetries

Hypogynous flowers have: a) Superior ovary b) Inferior ovary c) Half-inferior ovary d) No ovary

Epigynous flowers have: a) Superior ovary b) Inferior ovary c) Half-inferior ovary d) Multiple ovaries

Perigynous flowers have: a) Superior ovary b) Inferior ovary c) Half-inferior ovary d) No ovary

Aestivation refers to: a) Flower arrangement b) Petal arrangement in bud c) Leaf arrangement d) Root arrangement

Valvate aestivation means petals: a) Overlap b) Touch at edges c) Are separate d) Are fused

Imbricate aestivation means petals: a) Touch at edges b) Overlap c) Are twisted d) Are folded

Twisted aestivation shows petals: a) Overlapping regularly b) Touching edges c) Overlapping in one direction d) Separate

A whorl is: a) Spiral arrangement b) Circular arrangement c) Linear arrangement d) Random arrangement

Bracteate flowers have: a) No bracts b) Bracts present c) Multiple bracts d) Colored bracts

Ebracteate flowers: a) Have bracts b) Lack bracts c) Have colored bracts d) Have multiple bracts

Pedicellate flowers have: a) No stalk b) Short stalk c) Long stalk d) A stalk

Sessile flowers: a) Have long stalks b) Have short stalks c) Lack stalks d) Have multiple stalks

Unisexual flowers contain: a) Both sex organs b) Only one type of sex organ c) No sex organs d) Multiple sex organs

Monoecious plants have: a) Only male flowers b) Only female flowers c) Both types on same plant d) Both types on different plants

Dioecious plants have: a) Both flower types on same plant b) Both flower types on different plants c) Only bisexual flowers d) No flowers

The term "perfect flower" refers to: a) Complete flower b) Bisexual flower c) Beautiful flower d) Large flower

An imperfect flower is: a) Damaged b) Small c) Unisexual d) Colorless

Neuter flowers lack: a) Petals b) Sepals c) Sex organs d) Color

The floral axis is called: a) Pedicel b) Receptacle c) Peduncle d) Rachis

A spike inflorescence has: a) Stalked flowers b) Sessile flowers c) Single flower d) Branched flowers

A raceme has: a) Sessile flowers b) Stalked flowers c) No flowers d) Clustered flowers

An umbel has flowers arising from: a) Different points b) Same point c) Base only d) Top only

A capitulum is characteristic of: a) Rose family b) Pea family c) Sunflower family d) Mustard family

Axile placentation occurs in: a) Unilocular ovary b) Multilocular ovary c) No ovary d) Half ovary

Marginal placentation is found in: a) Tomato b) Pea c) Sunflower d) Mustard

Free central placentation has: a) Attached ovules b) Central column c) Wall attachment d) Basal attachment

Basal placentation has ovules at: a) Top b) Sides c) Base d) Center

Parietal placentation has ovules on: a) Central axis b) Ovary wall c) Base d) Top

Superficial placentation is found in: a) Pea b) Tomato c) Lotus d) Mustard

Trimerous flowers have parts in multiples of: a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five

Pentamerous flowers have parts in multiples of: a) Three b) Four c) Five d) Six

Tetramerous flowers have parts in multiples of: a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five

Gamosepalous means: a) Free sepals b) Fused sepals c) No sepals d) Colored sepals

Polysepalous means: a) Fused sepals b) Free sepals c) Many sepals d) No sepals

Gamopetalous refers to: a) Free petals b) Fused petals c) No petals d) Colored petals

Polypetalous means: a) Fused petals b) Free petals c) Many petals d) Large petals

Monadelphous stamens are: a) Free b) United by anthers c) United by filaments d) Single

Diadelphous stamens are united in: a) One group b) Two groups c) Three groups d) Four groups

Polyadelphous stamens are united in: a) One group b) Two groups c) Many groups d) No groups

Syngenesious stamens have: a) United filaments b) United anthers c) Free anthers d) Free filaments

Epistemonous stamens are attached to: a) Receptacle b) Petals c) Sepals d) Carpels

Syncarpous gynoecium has: a) Free carpels b) Fused carpels c) Single carpel d) No carpels

Apocarpous gynoecium has: a) Fused carpels b) Free carpels c) Single carpel d) No carpels

A simple pistil has: a) Multiple carpels b) Single carpel c) Fused carpels d) No carpels

A compound pistil has: a) Single carpel b) Multiple carpels c) Free carpels d) No carpels

Dehiscent fruits: a) Don't open b) Open at maturity c) Never mature d) Are always dry

Indehiscent fruits: a) Open at maturity b) Don't open naturally c) Are always fleshy d) Are always small

Aggregate fruits develop from: a) Single flower b) Multiple flowers c) Single carpel d) Multiple carpels

Multiple fruits develop from: a) Single flower b) Multiple flowers c) Single ovary d) Single carpel

Simple fruits develop from: a) Multiple flowers b) Single flower c) Multiple ovaries d) No flowers

Pollination is the transfer of: a) Ovules b) Seeds c) Pollen d) Nectar

Self-pollination occurs: a) Between different plants b) Within same flower c) Between different flowers d) All of the above

Cross-pollination occurs: a) Within same flower b) Between different plants c) Within same plant d) Never

Wind pollination is called: a) Entomophily b) Anemophily c) Hydrophily d) Ornithophily

Insect pollination is called: a) Anemophily b) Entomophily c) Hydrophily d) Chiropterophily

Water pollination is called: a) Entomophily b) Anemophily c) Hydrophily d) Ornithophily

Bird pollination is called: a) Entomophily b) Chiropterophily c) Ornithophily d) Anemophily

Bat pollination is called: a) Ornithophily b) Chiropterophily c) Entomophily d) Anemophily

Cleistogamous flowers are: a) Always open b) Never open c) Large d) Colorful

Chasmogamous flowers are: a) Never open b) Always closed c) Open flowers d) Small

Protandry refers to: a) Stigma maturing first b) Stamen maturing first c) Both maturing together d) Neither maturing

Section B: Short Answer Questions (1 mark each) - 100 Questions

Define a flower.

What is the scientific name for flowering plants?

Name the four whorls of a flower.

What does the calyx consist of?

What makes up the corolla?

Define androecium.

What is gynoecium?

List the essential whorls.

Name the non-essential whorls.

What is a bisexual flower?

Define complete flower.

What is an incomplete flower?

Define inflorescence.

What is placentation?

Name the parts of a stamen.

List the parts of a carpel.

What is the function of sepals?

Why are petals important?

Where is pollen produced?

Where are ovules located?

What is a unisexual flower?

Define staminate flower.

What is a pistillate flower?

What does monoecious mean?

Define dioecious.

What is a perfect flower?

Define imperfect flower.

What is the receptacle?

Name one type of inflorescence.

What is axile placentation?

Define marginal placentation.

What is parietal placentation?

What does trimerous mean?

Define pentamerous.

What is gamosepalous condition?

Define polysepalous.

What does gamopetalous mean?

Define polypetalous.

What is syncarpous gynoecium?

Define apocarpous gynoecium.

What is pollination?

Define self-pollination.

What is cross-pollination?

Name one agent of pollination.

What is anemophily?

Define entomophily.

What is a simple fruit?

Define aggregate fruit.

What is a multiple fruit?

What does dehiscent mean?

Define indehiscent.

What is fertilization?

Where does fertilization occur?

What is double fertilization?

Name the male gamete in plants.

What is the female gamete called?

What develops from ovules?

What develops from ovary?

Define zygote.

What is endosperm?

What is actinomorphic symmetry?

Define zygomorphic symmetry.

What is hypogynous condition?

Define epigynous condition.

What is perigynous condition?

What is aestivation?

Define valvate aestivation.

What is imbricate aestivation?

What does bracteate mean?

Define ebracteate.

What is a pedicellate flower?

Define sessile flower.

What is a spike?

Define raceme.

What is an umbel?

Define capitulum.

What is free central placentation?

Define basal placentation.

What is superficial placentation?

What does tetramerous mean?

Define monadelphous.

What is diadelphous condition?

Define polyadelphous.

What is syngenesious condition?

Define epistemonous.

What is a simple pistil?

Define compound pistil.

What is protandry?

Define protogyny.

What are cleistogamous flowers?

Define chasmogamous flowers.

What is ornithophily?

Define chiropterophily.

What is hydrophily?

What is a neuter flower?

Define floral formula.

What is floral diagram?

What is vernation?

Define phyllotaxy.

What is a whorl?

Section C: Short Answer Questions (2 marks each) - 100 Questions

Explain the structure of a bisexual flower with labeled diagram.

Differentiate between essential and non-essential whorls.

Compare complete and incomplete flowers with examples.

Describe the arrangement of flowers in inflorescence.

Explain the concept of placentation with its importance.

Distinguish between staminate and pistillate flowers.

Compare monoecious and dioecious plants with examples.

Describe the parts of androecium and their functions.

Explain the structure and function of gynoecium.

Differentiate between actinomorphic and zygomorphic flowers.

Compare hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous flowers.

Explain different types of aestivation with diagrams.

Distinguish between bracteate and ebracteate flowers.

Compare pedicellate and sessile flowers.

Describe axile placentation with suitable examples.

Explain marginal placentation with examples.

Distinguish between parietal and free central placentation.

Compare basal and superficial placentation.

Explain the significance of floral symmetry.

Describe trimerous and pentamerous flowers.

Differentiate between gamosepalous and polysepalous conditions.

Compare gamopetalous and polypetalous conditions.

Explain syncarpous and apocarpous gynoecium.

Describe different types of stamen union.

Compare simple and compound pistils.

Explain the process of pollination and its types.

Distinguish between self and cross-pollination.

Describe wind pollination and its adaptations.

Explain insect pollination with floral adaptations.

Compare cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers.

Describe the structure of a typical stamen.

Explain the parts of a carpel and their functions.

Compare dehiscent and indehiscent fruits.

Distinguish between simple, aggregate, and multiple fruits.

Explain the process of fertilization in angiosperms.

Describe double fertilization and its significance.

Compare protandry and protogyny with examples.

Explain the role of nectar in pollination.

Describe adaptations for bird pollination.

Explain water pollination with examples.

Compare spike and raceme inflorescences.

Distinguish between umbel and capitulum.

Explain the importance of floral bracts.

Describe the structure of floral receptacle.

Compare superior and inferior ovaries.

Explain the concept of floral formula.

Describe how to construct a floral diagram.

Compare regular and irregular flowers.

Explain the evolutionary significance of flowers.

Describe the economic importance of flowers.

Compare annual and perennial flowering plants.

Explain seasonal flowering patterns.

Describe the role of hormones in flowering.

Compare day-neutral and photoperiodic plants.

Explain the concept of vernalization.

Describe artificial pollination techniques.

Compare natural and artificial hybridization.

Explain the importance of pollinators.

Describe threats to natural pollinators.

Compare wind and animal pollinated flowers.

Explain floral color and its significance.

Describe floral fragrance and its role.

Compare diurnal and nocturnal flowers.

Explain the concept of flower longevity.

Describe mechanical pollination methods.

Compare compatible and incompatible pollination.

Explain the role of style in reproduction.

Describe stigma types and their functions.

Compare wet and dry stigmas.

Explain pollen-pistil interactions.

Describe pollen tube growth and guidance.

Compare chalazogamy and porogamy.

Explain the formation of endosperm.

Describe embryo development in angiosperms.

Compare monocot and dicot flower structure.

Explain floral evolution theories.

Describe primitive and advanced floral characters.

Compare solitary and clustered flowers.

Explain determinate and indeterminate inflorescences.

Describe cymose and racemose inflorescences.

Compare simple and compound inflorescences.

Explain the significance of floral number.

Describe meristic variations in flowers.

Compare isomerous and heteromerous flowers.

Explain floral abnormalities and their causes.

Describe double flowers and their formation.

Compare fertile and sterile flowers.

Explain the concept of floral induction.

Describe photoperiodism in flowering.

Compare short-day and long-day plants.

Explain the role of temperature in flowering.

Describe juvenile and mature phases in plants.

Compare reproductive and vegetative phases.

Explain apomixis and its types.

Describe parthenocarpy and its significance.

Compare true and false fruits.

Explain fruit classification systems.

Describe seed development and maturation.

Compare orthodox and recalcitrant seeds.

Explain seed dispersal mechanisms.

Section D: Long Answer Questions (3 marks each) - 50 Questions

Describe in detail the structure of a complete bisexual flower with well-labeled diagram. Explain the function of each whorl and discuss the significance of having both essential and non-essential whorls.

Explain the concept of inflorescence in detail. Describe at least five different types of inflorescences with diagrams and provide examples of plants showing each type. Discuss the evolutionary advantages of different inflorescence patterns.

Discuss placentation in flowering plants comprehensively. Describe all major types of placentation with diagrams, provide examples for each type, and explain how placentation affects seed development and fruit formation.

Compare and contrast the different types of flower symmetry (actinomorphic and zygomorphic) and ovary positions (hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous). Provide diagrams and examples for each type and discuss their evolutionary significance.

Explain the various types of stamen arrangements and carpel organizations in flowers. Describe monadelphous, diadelphous, polyadelphous, and syngenesious conditions with examples. Similarly, explain syncarpous and apocarpous gynoecium with their advantages.

Describe the process of pollination in detail, including self-pollination and cross-pollination. Explain the various agents of pollination (anemophily, entomophily, ornithophily, chiropterophily, hydrophily) with specific floral adaptations for each type.

Explain the process of sexual reproduction in angiosperms from pollination to seed formation. Include detailed descriptions of pollen tube formation, fertilization, double fertilization, and the development of embryo and endosperm.

Discuss the various mechanisms that promote cross-pollination in flowers. Explain dichogamy (protandry and protogyny), herkogamy, heterostyly, and self-incompatibility with suitable examples and their evolutionary significance.

Describe the classification of fruits based on their development and structure. Explain simple, aggregate, and multiple fruits with examples. Also discuss the difference between true and false fruits with appropriate examples.

Explain the economic and ecological importance of flowers. Discuss their role in agriculture, horticulture, medicine, perfume industry, and ecosystem services. Include examples of commercially important flowering plants.

Describe the floral formula and floral diagram construction. Explain the symbols used in floral formulas and demonstrate how to write floral formulas for different plant families. Show how floral diagrams represent floral structure.

Explain the evolutionary trends in flower development. Discuss the primitive and advanced characters in flowers, theories of floral evolution, and how environmental factors have influenced floral diversity.

Describe the role of plant growth regulators in flowering. Explain how auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and florigen influence flower initiation, development, and maturation. Include examples of hormonal control of flowering.

Discuss photoperiodism and its effect on flowering. Explain short-day plants, long-day plants, and day-neutral plants with examples. Describe the mechanism of photoperiodic control and its practical applications.

Explain vernalization and its significance in flowering. Describe the process, requirements, and mechanism of vernalization. Provide examples of plants requiring vernalization and discuss its practical applications in agriculture.

Describe the various types of inflorescence in detail with diagrams. Compare racemose and cymose inflorescences, explain compound inflorescences, and discuss the evolutionary advantages of different inflorescence types.

Explain the concept of incompatibility in flowering plants. Describe gametophytic and sporophytic self-incompatibility, their mechanisms, and significance in maintaining genetic diversity. Include examples and practical applications.

Discuss the adaptations of flowers for different pollination syndromes. Explain how flower color, shape, size, fragrance, and nectar production are adapted for specific pollinators. Provide detailed examples.

Describe the development of male and female gametophytes in angiosperms. Explain microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, megasporogenesis, and megagametogenesis with diagrams and their significance.

Explain the process of apomixis in flowering plants. Describe different types of apomixis, their mechanisms, and significance. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of apomictic reproduction with examples.

Describe the structure and function of nectaries in flowers. Explain different types of nectaries, nectar composition, and the role of nectar in plant-pollinator interactions. Include examples and ecological significance.

Explain the concept of cleistogamy and chasmogamy. Describe the conditions favoring each type, their advantages and disadvantages, and provide examples of plants showing these phenomena. Discuss their evolutionary significance.

Describe the various abnormalities that can occur in flower development. Explain the causes of floral abnormalities, types of abnormal flowers, and their impact on plant reproduction. Include examples and management strategies.

Explain the role of flowers in plant breeding and crop improvement. Describe techniques like hybridization, emasculation, bagging, and artificial pollination. Discuss their applications in developing new crop varieties.

Describe the seasonal and circadian rhythms in flowering. Explain how plants regulate flowering time, the role of biological clocks, and environmental factors affecting flowering patterns. Include examples and practical implications.

Explain the concept of heterostyly and its significance. Describe different types of heterostyly, their mechanisms for promoting cross-pollination, and provide examples. Discuss the evolutionary advantages of heterostylous flowers.

Describe the structure and function of different types of stigmas. Explain wet and dry stigmas, their pollination mechanisms, and adaptations. Discuss pollen-stigma interactions and their role in successful fertilization.

Explain the development and structure of ovules in flowering plants. Describe different types of ovules, their orientation, and the process of megasporogenesis. Include diagrams and discuss their significance in reproduction.

Describe the various methods of artificial propagation using floral parts. Explain techniques like grafting, budding, and tissue culture. Discuss their applications in horticulture and conservation of rare species.

Explain the ecological relationships between flowers and their pollinators. Describe co-evolution, specialization, and mutualistic relationships. Include examples of plant-pollinator networks and their conservation importance.

Describe the molecular basis of flower development. Explain the ABC model of floral development, homeotic genes, and their role in determining floral organ identity. Include recent advances in floral genetics.

Explain the water relations in flowers during development and pollination. Describe water uptake, transport, and loss in floral tissues. Discuss the role of water in pollen germination and tube growth.

Describe the nutritional aspects of flower development. Explain the source-sink relationships, nutrient mobilization, and metabolic changes during flowering. Include the role of different nutrients in flower formation.

Explain the impact of climate change on flowering patterns. Describe how changing temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 affect flowering time, pollinator relationships, and plant reproduction. Include adaptation strategies.

Describe the cultural and social significance of flowers. Explain their role in human culture, festivals, religions, and traditions. Discuss the psychological and therapeutic effects of flowers on human well-being.

Explain the conservation of flowering plants and their pollinators. Describe threats to floral diversity, conservation strategies, and the importance of maintaining plant-pollinator relationships. Include case studies.

Describe the use of flowers in biotechnology and genetic engineering. Explain applications in producing pharmaceuticals, ornamental varieties, and stress-resistant crops. Include current research and future prospects.

Explain the forensic applications of flower biology. Describe how floral evidence is used in criminal investigations, identification techniques, and the role of palynology. Include case studies and limitations.

Describe the physiological changes during flower senescence. Explain the aging process, factors affecting flower longevity, and methods to extend vase life. Include commercial applications in floriculture.

Explain the role of flowers in ecosystem services. Describe their contribution to pollination services, biodiversity maintenance, and food web dynamics. Include economic valuation and conservation implications.

Describe the comparative floral anatomy across different plant families. Explain variations in floral structure, their taxonomic significance, and evolutionary relationships. Include examples from major angiosperm families.

Explain the biochemistry of floral pigments and their functions. Describe anthocyanins, carotenoids, and other pigments, their biosynthesis, and roles in pollinator attraction. Include genetic control of flower color.

Describe the mechanical aspects of flower opening and closing. Explain the mechanisms involved in flower movement, their ecological significance, and examples of flowers showing temporal opening patterns.

Explain the relationship between flower structure and fruit development. Describe how different floral parts contribute to fruit formation, the transformation of ovary into fruit, and factors affecting fruit set and development.

Describe the pollination ecology of endangered flowering plants. Explain the specialized pollination requirements, threats to their reproductive success, and conservation strategies. Include case studies of rare species.

Explain the role of flowers in phytoremediation and environmental cleanup. Describe how flowering plants can be used to remove pollutants, their mechanisms of action, and applications in environmental restoration.

Describe the evolution of floral scent and its ecological functions. Explain the chemistry of floral volatiles, their biosynthesis, and role in plant-pollinator communication. Include examples of scent-mediated interactions.

Explain the concept of floral longevity and factors affecting it. Describe the physiological and environmental factors that determine flower lifespan, methods to extend flower life, and their commercial applications.

Describe the impact of urbanization on flowering plants and their pollinators. Explain how urban environments affect flowering patterns, pollinator diversity, and plant reproduction. Include urban conservation strategies.

Explain the future prospects of flower biology research. Describe emerging technologies, current research trends, and potential applications in agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology. Include challenges and opportunities in the field.

Cite:Titas Mallick. "The Flower" in BioNotes.

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Flower Biology - Comprehensive Question Paper Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) - 100 Questions (1 mark each)Section B: Short Answer Questions (1 mark each) - 100 Questions Section C: Short Answer Questions (2 marks each) - 100 Questions Section D: Long Answer Questions (3 marks each) - 50 Questions