Read the following scenario and answer the questions:Scenario: Rohan took a potato from his kitchen that had small green buds, known as 'eyes', growing on it. He cut the potato into several pieces, making sure each piece had at least one 'eye', and planted them in his garden. A few weeks later, he noticed new potato plants growing from those pieces, even though he didn't plant any actual seeds.
Q1. What type of reproduction is Rohan demonstrating in this scenario? Explain how it is different from growing a plant from a seed.
✓ Answer
Rohan is demonstrating vegetative propagation (a type of asexual reproduction). Unlike growing from a seed (which is sexual reproduction and requires pollen and ovules), vegetative propagation involves growing a new plant from the vegetative parts of the parent plant, such as stems, roots, or leaves, without the involvement of seeds.
Q2. Will the new potato plants that Rohan grew have any different traits (like different colored flowers or different tasting potatoes) from the original potato? Why or why not?
✓ Answer
No, the new plants will be identical to the parent plant. Because this is asexual reproduction, there is no mixing of genetic material from two different plants. The offspring are exact clones of the parent.
Q3. Observe the seeds of a dandelion and the seeds of a coconut. A dandelion seed is light and has hair-like structures, while a coconut is heavy with a fibrous husk. Explain how their physical structures dictate their method of seed dispersal.
✓ Answer
The dandelion seed is designed to be carried by the wind; its light weight and hair-like parachute allow it to drift long distances. The coconut is designed for water dispersal; its fibrous husk traps air, allowing it to float across oceans to reach new shores.
Q4. A farmer sowed seeds very deep into the soil and tightly packed the earth above them. A week later, he observed that none of the seeds germinated. Identify two necessary conditions for germination that the farmer accidentally prevented the seeds from getting.
✓ Answer
By burying them too deep and packing the earth tightly, the farmer likely prevented the seeds from getting adequate oxygen (air) and warmth (sunlight), both of which are essential conditions for a seed to break dormancy and germinate.
Directions: For the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Q5.Assertion (A): Seed dispersal is important for the survival of a plant species.
Reason (R): If all seeds fall near the parent plant, they will compete for sunlight, water, and nutrients, resulting in poor growth.
✓ Answer
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q6.Assertion (A): Fungi like bread mold reproduce sexually by forming flowers.
Reason (R): Fungi do not have stems, roots, or leaves, but they do have microscopic seeds.
✓ Answer
(c) Both A and R are false. (Fungi reproduce asexually via spores, not flowers or seeds).
Q7.Assertion (A): A bryophyllum leaf can give rise to a whole new plant.
Reason (R): The margins of the bryophyllum leaf have specialized buds that can grow into new plantlets when they fall on moist soil.
✓ Answer
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q8. A horticulturist wants to quickly produce 500 identical rose bushes of a rare, beautiful variety that does not easily produce seeds. Which method of reproduction should the horticulturist use and why is it superior to waiting for seeds in this specific case?
✓ Answer
The horticulturist should use artificial vegetative propagation (such as stem cutting or grafting). This method is superior here because:
It is much faster than waiting for seeds to form, disperse, and germinate.
It guarantees that all 500 new rose bushes will be genetically identical to the rare variety, whereas growing from seeds could result in variations and loss of the specific rare traits.