Excretory System - Question Paper

Subject: Biology
Topic: Excretory System
Total Questions: 275
Total Marks: 350

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SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Instructions: Choose the correct answer from the given options.
Marks: 1 mark each (Total: 100 marks)

1. The process of removal of metabolic waste products from the body is called: a) Digestion b) Excretion c) Respiration d) Circulation

2. Which organ is the primary excretory organ in humans? a) Liver b) Lungs c) Kidneys d) Skin

3. Urea is primarily excreted by: a) Lungs b) Skin c) Kidneys d) Liver

4. The functional unit of kidney is: a) Alveoli b) Nephron c) Neuron d) Villi

5. Which gas is excreted by the lungs? a) Oxygen b) Nitrogen c) Carbon dioxide d) Hydrogen

6. Sweat glands excrete: a) Only water b) Only salts c) Water, salts and urea d) Only urea

7. The kidneys are located: a) In the chest cavity b) Below the rib cage c) In the abdomen d) In the pelvis

8. How many kidneys does a normal human have? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

9. The tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder is: a) Urethra b) Ureter c) Nephron d) Renal vein

10. The urinary bladder is located in: a) Chest b) Abdomen c) Pelvis d) Head

11. Which substance is NOT excreted by kidneys? a) Urea b) Uric acid c) Glucose d) Creatinine

12. The shape of kidneys is: a) Round b) Bean-shaped c) Triangular d) Square

13. Water vapor is excreted through: a) Kidneys only b) Skin only c) Lungs only d) Both lungs and skin

14. The tube that carries urine out of the body is: a) Ureter b) Urethra c) Nephron d) Collecting duct

15. UTI stands for: a) Urinary Tract Infection b) Upper Tract Infection c) Urea Transport Issue d) Ureter Tube Inflammation

16. Kidney stones are made of: a) Proteins only b) Fats only c) Minerals and salts d) Vitamins only

17. Which organ filters blood? a) Heart b) Liver c) Lungs d) Kidneys

18. Excess salts are removed from blood by: a) Lungs b) Kidneys c) Heart d) Brain

19. The urinary system consists of: a) 2 organs b) 3 organs c) 4 organs d) 5 organs

20. Nitrogenous waste includes: a) Urea only b) Uric acid only c) Creatinine only d) All of the above

21. Which part of urinary system stores urine? a) Kidney b) Ureter c) Bladder d) Urethra

22. Blood enters the kidney through: a) Renal artery b) Renal vein c) Ureter d) Urethra

23. The kidney removes waste from: a) Air b) Food c) Blood d) Water

24. Sweat contains: a) Water only b) Salts only c) Urea only d) Water, salts and urea

25. Which system is the main excretory system in humans? a) Respiratory b) Circulatory c) Urinary d) Digestive

26. The kidneys are positioned: a) On the same side b) On either side of spine c) In the chest d) In the head

27. Essential substances filtered by kidneys are: a) Lost forever b) Reabsorbed c) Stored d) Converted

28. The number of ureters in human body: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

29. Urine formation occurs in: a) Bladder b) Ureter c) Kidney d) Urethra

30. Which waste product is NOT mentioned as excreted by kidneys? a) Urea b) Ammonia c) Uric acid d) Creatinine

31. The urinary bladder is a: a) Bone b) Muscle c) Muscular sac d) Nerve

32. Kidneys filter blood to: a) Produce hormones b) Remove waste c) Store nutrients d) Generate heat

33. The excretory function of skin is performed by: a) Hair follicles b) Sweat glands c) Oil glands d) Blood vessels

34. Which is NOT a component of urinary system? a) Kidney b) Liver c) Bladder d) Urethra

35. Urine is transported from kidneys by: a) Blood vessels b) Nerves c) Ureters d) Lymphatics

36. The main function of nephrons is: a) Digestion b) Filtration c) Circulation d) Respiration

37. Which organ excretes the least amount of urea? a) Kidneys b) Lungs c) Skin d) Liver

38. Kidney stones form: a) Outside kidneys b) Inside kidneys c) In bladder d) In ureters

39. The urinary system helps maintain: a) Body temperature only b) Water balance only c) Salt balance only d) Water and salt balance

40. Which process occurs in nephrons? a) Digestion b) Filtration c) Absorption d) Secretion

41. The location of kidneys is described as: a) Anterior to spine b) Posterior to spine c) Superior to spine d) Inferior to spine

42. Urine consists of: a) Water only b) Waste only c) Water and waste d) Blood only

43. The primary nitrogenous waste in humans is: a) Ammonia b) Urea c) Uric acid d) Creatinine

44. Excretion helps in: a) Maintaining body size b) Maintaining homeostasis c) Increasing weight d) Decreasing height

45. Which statement about kidneys is correct? a) They produce blood b) They filter blood c) They store blood d) They destroy blood

46. The bladder can: a) Filter urine b) Produce urine c) Store urine d) Destroy urine

47. Metabolic waste products include: a) Nutrients b) Vitamins c) Urea and carbon dioxide d) Proteins

48. The excretory system removes: a) Useful substances b) Harmful substances c) All substances d) No substances

49. Which organ has the maximum excretory function? a) Skin b) Lungs c) Kidneys d) Liver

50. Ureters connect: a) Kidney to bladder b) Bladder to outside c) Kidney to kidney d) Bladder to liver

51. The urinary system is also called: a) Digestive system b) Renal system c) Nervous system d) Muscular system

52. Which substance is reabsorbed by kidneys? a) Urea b) Glucose c) Creatinine d) Uric acid

53. The number of main excretory organs in humans: a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5

54. Urine formation involves: a) Filtration only b) Reabsorption only c) Secretion only d) All of the above

55. The kidney's position relative to ribs: a) Above ribs b) Below ribs c) Between ribs d) On ribs

56. Which is a disorder of urinary system? a) Diabetes b) UTI c) Asthma d) Arthritis

57. Carbon dioxide is excreted during: a) Digestion b) Excretion c) Respiration d) Circulation

58. The bladder empties through: a) Ureter b) Urethra c) Kidney d) Nephron

59. Sweat glands are part of: a) Digestive system b) Excretory system c) Nervous system d) Skeletal system

60. Which waste is common to both kidneys and skin? a) Carbon dioxide b) Urea c) Glucose d) Oxygen

61. The kidneys maintain: a) Blood pressure only b) Water balance only c) Both water and salt balance d) Heart rate only

62. Nephrons are found in: a) Liver b) Lungs c) Kidneys d) Heart

63. The urinary bladder is: a) Always full b) Always empty c) Sometimes full d) Never functional

64. Which causes kidney stones? a) Excess water b) Mineral deposits c) Lack of food d) Too much exercise

65. The main excretory product of lungs is: a) Urea b) Water c) Carbon dioxide d) Salts

66. Ureters are: a) Single tube b) Pair of tubes c) Three tubes d) Four tubes

67. The kidney filters: a) Air b) Food c) Blood d) Saliva

68. Which is NOT an excretory organ? a) Kidney b) Skin c) Lungs d) Stomach

69. Urine is stored in: a) Kidney b) Ureter c) Bladder d) Urethra

70. The process of urine formation is: a) Continuous b) Intermittent c) Occasional d) Rare

71. Creatinine is excreted by: a) Lungs b) Skin c) Kidneys d) Liver

72. The urinary system eliminates: a) Useful materials b) Waste materials c) All materials d) Food materials

73. Which has the bean shape? a) Heart b) Liver c) Kidney d) Lung

74. The functional units of kidneys are called: a) Cells b) Tissues c) Nephrons d) Organs

75. Water is excreted by: a) Kidneys only b) Skin only c) Lungs only d) All three organs

76. The pelvis contains: a) Kidneys b) Bladder c) Lungs d) Heart

77. Which connects bladder to outside? a) Ureter b) Urethra c) Nephron d) Kidney

78. Excess substances removed include: a) Water b) Salts c) Both water and salts d) Neither water nor salts

79. The spine is _____ to kidneys: a) Anterior b) Posterior c) Between d) Below

80. Which system removes carbon dioxide? a) Digestive b) Excretory c) Circulatory d) Skeletal

81. Urea formation occurs in: a) Kidneys b) Liver c) Lungs d) Skin

82. The number of nephrons per kidney is: a) Hundreds b) Thousands c) Millions d) Billions

83. Which is a hard deposit in kidneys? a) Urine b) Blood c) Kidney stone d) Water

84. The rib cage is _____ to kidneys: a) Below b) Above c) Beside d) Inside

85. Filtration in kidneys removes: a) Useful substances b) Waste substances c) All substances d) No substances

86. The bladder wall is: a) Bony b) Muscular c) Nervous d) Fatty

87. Which tube is longer? a) Ureter b) Urethra c) Both equal d) Cannot determine

88. Metabolic wastes are produced by: a) Body cells b) External environment c) Food intake d) Air breathing

89. The excretory system maintains: a) Body shape b) Body color c) Body composition d) Body size

90. Which infection affects urinary system? a) UTI b) Pneumonia c) Malaria d) Tuberculosis

91. Reabsorption in kidneys saves: a) Waste products b) Useful substances c) All substances d) Water only

92. The kidneys are vital for: a) Breathing b) Thinking c) Filtering d) Walking

93. Uric acid is a type of: a) Protein b) Carbohydrate c) Nitrogenous waste d) Fat

94. The excretory organs work: a) Independently b) Together c) Rarely d) Never

95. Which prevents accumulation of wastes? a) Digestion b) Excretion c) Circulation d) Respiration

96. The urinary system consists of kidneys and: a) Associated structures b) Lungs c) Heart d) Brain

97. Blood purification occurs in: a) Heart b) Lungs c) Kidneys d) Liver

98. The main component of urine is: a) Salts b) Urea c) Water d) Proteins

99. Homeostasis is maintained by: a) Digestive system b) Excretory system c) Nervous system d) All systems

100. The study of kidneys is called: a) Cardiology b) Nephrology c) Neurology d) Dermatology

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SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH)

Instructions: Write brief answers in one or two sentences.
Marks: 1 mark each (Total: 100 marks)

1. Define excretion.

2. Name the primary excretory organ in humans.

3. What is the functional unit of kidney?

4. List two nitrogenous wastes excreted by kidneys.

5. Name the gas excreted by lungs.

6. What do sweat glands excrete?

7. Where are kidneys located in the body?

8. What is the shape of kidneys?

9. Name the tube connecting kidney to bladder.

10. Where is the urinary bladder located?

11. What does UTI stand for?

12. What are kidney stones made of?

13. Name the tube that carries urine out of the body.

14. How many kidneys does a human have?

15. What is filtered by the kidneys?

16. Name three excretory organs in humans.

17. What is the main component of sweat?

18. Where do nephrons occur?

19. What is stored in the urinary bladder?

20. Name two disorders of the urinary system.

21. What is reabsorbed by the kidneys?

22. Name the artery that brings blood to kidney.

23. What is the main nitrogenous waste in humans?

24. How many ureters are there in human body?

25. What is the other name for urinary system?

26. Name the vein that takes blood from kidney.

27. What causes kidney stones?

28. Which system removes carbon dioxide?

29. What type of muscle is found in bladder wall?

30. Name the process of urine formation.

31. What maintains water balance in body?

32. Which waste is common to kidneys and skin?

33. What is the color of normal urine?

34. Name the opening through which urine leaves body.

35. What is the pH of normal urine?

36. Which hormone regulates water reabsorption?

37. Name the cup-shaped structure in nephron.

38. What is the average urine output per day?

39. Which part of nephron is involved in filtration?

40. Name the network of blood vessels in nephron.

41. What is the specific gravity of urine?

42. Which part of brain controls urination?

43. Name the muscle that controls urination.

44. What is voluntary control of urination called?

45. At what age is bladder control usually achieved?

46. Name the condition of excessive urination.

47. What is the condition of no urine formation called?

48. Name the condition of blood in urine.

49. What is the condition of protein in urine called?

50. Name the condition of glucose in urine.

51. What is the normal frequency of urination per day?

52. Which vitamin is synthesized by kidneys?

53. Name the hormone produced by kidneys.

54. What is the average capacity of urinary bladder?

55. Which cells are involved in kidney filtration?

56. Name the condition of kidney stone formation.

57. What is artificial kidney called?

58. Name the process of artificial blood filtration.

59. Which test detects kidney function?

60. What is normal blood urea level?

61. Name the functional part of nephron.

62. What connects glomerulus to tubules?

63. Which part of nephron reabsorbs most water?

64. Name the collecting system of kidney.

65. What is the outer part of kidney called?

66. Name the inner part of kidney.

67. What is the hilum of kidney?

68. Which structure connects kidney to blood supply?

69. Name the supportive tissue around kidney.

70. What protects kidneys from injury?

71. Which imaging technique shows kidney structure?

72. Name the procedure to examine bladder internally.

73. What is the study of urine called?

74. Which color indicates infection in urine?

75. Name the crystals found in kidney stones.

76. What increases risk of kidney stones?

77. Which dietary factor affects kidney stones?

78. Name the most common type of kidney stone.

79. What is the treatment for small kidney stones?

80. Which medication dissolves kidney stones?

81. Name the procedure to break kidney stones.

82. What is surgical removal of kidney called?

83. Which condition requires kidney transplant?

84. Name the immunosuppressive drug used post-transplant.

85. What is the success rate of kidney transplant?

86. Which blood group is universal donor for kidneys?

87. Name the organization for organ donation.

88. What is living donor transplant?

89. Which relative is best kidney donor?

90. Name the complication of kidney failure.

91. What is chronic kidney disease?

92. Which parameter indicates kidney damage?

93. Name five stages of kidney disease.

94. What is end-stage renal disease?

95. Which diet is recommended for kidney patients?

96. Name the restriction for kidney patients.

97. What is fluid restriction in kidney disease?

98. Which mineral should be limited in kidney disease?

99. Name the vitamin supplement for kidney patients.

100. What is the life expectancy with kidney disease?

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SECTION C: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS EACH)

Instructions: Write detailed answers in 3-4 sentences.
Marks: 2 marks each (Total: 100 marks)

1. Explain the definition and importance of excretion in living organisms.

2. Describe the location and basic structure of kidneys.

3. List the main components of the urinary system and their basic functions.

4. Explain how kidneys filter blood and form urine.

5. Compare the excretory functions of kidneys, skin, and lungs.

6. Describe the path of urine from formation to elimination.

7. Explain the structure and function of nephrons.

8. Discuss the role of ureters in the urinary system.

9. Describe the structure and function of urinary bladder.

10. Explain the function of urethra in urination.

11. Compare the composition of blood entering and leaving kidneys.

12. Describe the process of reabsorption in kidneys.

13. Explain how kidneys maintain water balance in the body.

14. Discuss the role of kidneys in maintaining salt balance.

15. Describe the formation and composition of sweat.

16. Explain how lungs participate in excretion.

17. Compare nitrogenous wastes excreted by different organisms.

18. Describe the symptoms and causes of UTI.

19. Explain the formation and types of kidney stones.

20. Discuss the prevention methods for kidney stones.

21. Compare acute and chronic kidney diseases.

22. Explain the concept of kidney failure and its types.

23. Describe the principle and process of dialysis.

24. Discuss the criteria and process of kidney transplantation.

25. Explain the role of artificial kidney in treating kidney failure.

26. Describe the normal characteristics of urine.

27. Explain abnormal constituents that may appear in urine.

28. Discuss the clinical significance of urine analysis.

29. Compare voluntary and involuntary control of urination.

30. Explain the development of bladder control in children.

31. Describe the hormonal regulation of kidney function.

32. Explain the role of antidiuretic hormone in water regulation.

33. Discuss the relationship between blood pressure and kidney function.

34. Describe the vascular supply of kidneys.

35. Explain the nerve supply and innervation of kidneys.

36. Compare the functions of cortex and medulla of kidney.

37. Describe the structure of renal corpuscle.

38. Explain the process of glomerular filtration.

39. Discuss the factors affecting glomerular filtration rate.

40. Describe the structure and function of renal tubules.

41. Explain the process of tubular reabsorption.

42. Discuss the mechanism of tubular secretion.

43. Describe the countercurrent mechanism in kidneys.

44. Explain the formation of concentrated urine.

45. Discuss the role of loop of Henle in urine concentration.

46. Describe the collecting duct system of kidney.

47. Explain the micturition reflex and its control.

48. Discuss the age-related changes in kidney function.

49. Describe the effects of dehydration on kidney function.

50. Explain the kidney's response to high salt intake.

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SECTION D: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 MARKS EACH)

Instructions: Write comprehensive answers in 5-6 sentences with examples where applicable.
Marks: 3 marks each (Total: 75 marks)

1. Describe the complete structure of human excretory system with the functions of each component. Include the pathway of urine formation and elimination.

2. Explain the detailed process of urine formation in kidneys, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Discuss what happens at each stage.

3. Compare and contrast the excretory functions of kidneys, lungs, and skin. Explain what each organ excretes and why multiple organs are needed for excretion.

4. Describe the structure of a nephron in detail. Explain how its different parts contribute to the formation of urine and maintenance of body fluid balance.

5. Discuss the various disorders of the urinary/excretory system. Explain their causes, symptoms, and general treatment approaches.

6. Explain the concept of homeostasis and describe how the excretory system helps maintain it. Include examples of how kidneys regulate water and salt balance.

7. Describe kidney stones in detail - their formation, types, risk factors, symptoms, and prevention methods. Explain why they form and how they can be treated.

8. Explain the process and importance of dialysis in treating kidney failure. Compare hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, including their advantages and disadvantages.

9. Discuss kidney transplantation as a treatment option for kidney failure. Explain the criteria for transplant, types of donors, and post-transplant care.

10. Describe the regulation of kidney function by hormones. Explain how ADH, aldosterone, and other hormones control water and electrolyte balance.

11. Explain the clinical significance of urine analysis. Describe normal and abnormal constituents of urine and what their presence indicates about health status.

12. Discuss the developmental aspects of the excretory system. Explain how kidney function changes with age and the development of bladder control in children.

13. Describe the relationship between cardiovascular system and excretory system. Explain how blood pressure affects kidney function and vice versa.

14. Explain the adaptive mechanisms of kidneys during dehydration and overhydration. Describe how kidneys maintain fluid balance under different conditions.

15. Discuss the role of excretory system in acid-base balance. Explain how kidneys help maintain blood pH within normal limits.

16. Describe the comparative excretory systems in different animals. Explain why different organisms have evolved different excretory mechanisms.

17. Explain the concept of artificial kidney and its working principle. Discuss the technological advances in artificial kidney development.

18. Discuss the impact of lifestyle factors on kidney health. Explain how diet, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption affect kidney function.

19. Describe the emergency conditions related to excretory system. Explain acute kidney injury, urinary retention, and their immediate management.

20. Explain the genetic and hereditary aspects of kidney diseases. Discuss polycystic kidney disease and other inherited conditions affecting kidneys.

21. Describe the role of kidneys in drug metabolism and excretion. Explain how kidney diseases affect drug dosing and why dose adjustments are needed.

22. Discuss the environmental and occupational factors affecting kidney health. Explain how toxins, heavy metals, and workplace hazards can damage kidneys.

23. Explain the pediatric aspects of excretory system disorders. Describe common kidney problems in children and their management approaches.

24. Describe the geriatric considerations in excretory system function. Explain age-related changes in kidney function and their clinical implications.

25. Discuss the recent advances in treatment of kidney diseases. Explain gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and other emerging treatment modalities.

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