1. Draw the diagram of a sarcomere of skeletal muscle showing different regions.
2. Define sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
3. Describe the important steps in muscle contraction.
4. Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true.
(a) Actin is present in thin filament. (True)
(b) H-zone of striated muscle fibre represents both thick and thin filaments. (False - H-zone represents only the central part of the thick filament not overlapped by thin filaments)
(c) Human skeleton has 206 bones. (True)
(d) There are 11 pairs of ribs in man. (False - There are 12 pairs of ribs)
(e) Sternum is present on the ventral side of the body. (True)
5. Write the difference between:
(a) Actin and Myosin: Actin is a thin filament protein found in the 'I' band; Myosin is a thick filament protein found in the 'A' band.
(b) Red and White muscles: Red muscles have high myoglobin and mitochondria (aerobic); White muscles have low myoglobin and few mitochondria (anaerobic).
(c) Pectoral and Pelvic girdle: Pectoral girdle articulates forelimbs (shoulder); Pelvic girdle articulates hind limbs (hip).
6. Match Column I with Column II:
- (a) Smooth muscle - (iv) Involuntary
- (b) Tropomyosin - (ii) Thin filament
- (c) Red muscle - (i) Myoglobin
- (d) Skull - (iii) Sutures
7. What are the different types of movements exhibited by the cells of human body?
8. How do you distinguish between a skeletal muscle and a cardiac muscle?
9. Name the type of joint between the following:
(a) atlas/axis: Pivot joint
(b) carpal/metacarpal of thumb: Saddle joint
(c) between phalanges: Hinge joint
(d) femur/acetabulum: Ball and socket joint
(e) between cranial bones: Fibrous joint
(f) between pubic bones in the pelvic girdle: Cartilaginous joint (Pubic symphysis)
10. Fill in the blank spaces:
(a) All mammals (except a few) have 7 cervical vertebra.
(b) The number of phalanges in each limb of human is 14.
(c) Thin filament of myofibril contains 2 ‘F’ actins and two other proteins namely tropomyosin and troponin.
(d) In a muscle fibre Ca++ is stored in sarcoplasmic reticulum.
(e) 11th and 12th pairs of ribs are called floating ribs.
(f) The human cranium is made of 8 bones.